John Beecher, McComb "Criminal Syndicalism" Case

Sample Collaborative Student Project

This is the  “‘Criminal Syndicalism’ case, McComb, Mississippi (Side 1)”  recording from the  John Beecher Sound Recordings Collection  at the  University of Texas’s Harry Ransom Center . You will only listen to the portion of the recording marked by the annotations (from “Clip Start” to “Clip End”). The instance of the racial slur and instances of explicit language has also been marked for your awareness.

Please be sure to read all of the following information before playing the recording.

Full Recording Description

This recording was recorded October 19, 1964 by John Beecher and his wife, Barbara. The recording begins with John Beecher and members of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) meeting with Black high school students and their parents after these students were released from jail in McComb, Mississippi on charges of criminal syndicalism, in which it seems the students have been falsely accused of damaging property by throwing a brick. Beecher speaks with the group about the importance of voting and fighting for equal treatment in the voting process. A white arrested member of COFO discusses how his experience in jail was different than that of the Black students, how he was released without bond, and that his release was sooner. The students discuss the conditions in the jail and the treatment by policemen and guards. The parents of the students discuss how they were given limited interaction with their children, and how officers made visits a challenge.

Description of Clip Used in Lesson

The clip we will discuss in class is 14:07-15:37. In this portion of the recording, Beecher asks the students if they had recreational privileges while in jail, to which the students reply they could not even leave the cell. Beecher asks about food given to them in prison, which the students say was often cold pork and beans from the can, and that they were denied coffee, and given a small breakfast. The students also discuss how the guards/officers were dismissive of their singing and would threaten to drag their mattresses out and make the students sleep on the concrete if they continued sleeping.

Audio Content Warning

In this recording, a racial slur is used at 16:06 by a student quoting the language said to them by a police officer while in jail. There is also explicit language used at 15:49, 16:30, and 16:39 by students quoting white police officers.

Listening to the second side of the recording is not necessary for this lesson and will not be discussed in this lesson, but as a warning, it includes multiple racial slurs, at 4:58, said by a white man; at 5:48 by a man quoting a police officer; at 7:00, 7:04, 7:08, 7:09, by a woman quoting a police officer; at 9:15 by a man quoting a police officer; at 11:42, 11:57, and 12:32 by a woman quoting a police officer. Explicit language is also used by a woman quoting a police officer at 10:48.

00:00 / 00:00

Annotations

00:00 - 00:00

Kylie (Student 2)

muted jostling, static noise

Environment

00:11 - 00:11

Kylie (Student 2)

sudden increase in background/recorder noise

Environment

00:11 - 00:11

Kylie (Student 2)

John Beecher

Speakers

00:21 - 00:43

Bethany (Student 1)

"It's very uh -- it's very much important that you became a political prisoner and this is what you were in many ways. Not that we say you should have thrown a brick [unclear] if you did. I don't know whether you did or you didn't.Maybe some of you did. This we shouldn't have done because we need discipline. We have to have far more discipline than the white man if we're gonna win this uh struggle."

Transcription

00:21 - 00:21

Kylie (Student 2)

sudden increase in background/recorder noise

Environment

00:25 - 00:25

Kylie (Student 2)

"you became a political prisoner" - threw a brick

Transcription

00:26 - 00:26

Kylie (Student 2)

political prisoner

Topics

00:30 - 00:30

Kylie (Student 2)

students accused of throwing a brick

Topics

00:30 - 00:30

Kylie (Student 2)

jostling of recorder/background noise

Environment

00:33 - 00:33

Kylie (Student 2)

decrease in background noise

Environment

00:36 - 00:44

Kylie (Student 2)

"This [throwing a brick] we shouldn't have done, because we need discipline. We have to have far more discipline than the white man if we're gonna win this, uh, struggle."

Transcription

00:38 - 00:38

Kylie (Student 2)

pages rustling

Environment

00:44 - 00:59

Kylie (Student 2)

"Because the Mississippian is fighting a fool's battle, a battle that he has to lose. And in winning it, we need control and restraint, so that when we strike we strike when we're on good grounds."..."

Transcription

00:44 - 00:44

Kylie (Student 2)

pages rustling, movement in environment

Environment

01:00 - 01:22

Bethany (Student 1)

"Whether you threw a brick or didn't, the fact still remains that he used you as a tool, as an instrument. He made something of a thing of you. Because he was trying, by keeping you in jail, by setting a bond at 5/000 finally reducing it to 500, to strike fear in the hearts of your parents, and other people in the community."

Transcription

01:05 - 01:24

Kylie (Student 2)

"he used you as a tool, as an instrument, he made something of a thing of you because he was trying, by keeping you in jail...to strike fear into the hearts of your parents and others in the community"

Transcription

01:07 - 01:07

Kylie (Student 2)

sliding, scraping noise

Environment

01:08 - 01:08

Kylie (Student 2)

using $5000 bond of high school children to divide community

Topics

01:18 - 01:18

Kylie (Student 2)

horns/music in background

Environment

01:23 - 01:30

Bethany (Student 1)

"He was trying to cut off one segment of the Negroes in McComb from another segment"

Transcription

01:23 - 01:23

Kylie (Student 2)

cough/sneeze

Environment

01:39 - 01:39

Kylie (Student 2)

Freedom House

External

01:43 - 01:55

Kylie (Student 2)

"to gain the kind of justice, the kind of right action and good living that is necessary if any of us are going to live in a free America, particularly in a free Mississippi."

Transcription

01:44 - 01:44

Kylie (Student 2)

justice

Topics

01:54 - 01:54

Kylie (Student 2)

distant rush

Environment

01:56 - 03:17

Bethany (Student 1)

"You were used. Some of you no doubt will be bitter about it. I know a lot of people were bitter the night that the [or our?] houses were bombed. Bitterness alone is not going to suffice. If you're angry, good. You have right to be angry. The question now is not whether you're angry or you dislike somebody, but whether or not you will take actions take steps to change the kind of city and county where people can be held in jail for things like this, where they can create a law to arrest any negro or any white person in the movement on just about any charge they want to and they you know, give it an nice sounding name. They say "syndicalism." Some of us [unclear] stumble over it [when we couldn't?] pronounce the word. But it still basically means that anyone who tries to work for justice in our society is doing something against the law. This is ironic, this is a mockery. You know. During the next few weeks, months, or years, everyone here, in Mississippi and in the south is going to be embroiled in a battle, and you're going to have to do something."

Transcription

01:58 - 01:58

Kylie (Student 2)

"know you were used. Some of you, no doubt, will be bitter about it."

Transcription

01:58 - 01:58

Kylie (Student 2)

cough

Environment

02:05 - 02:05

Kylie (Student 2)

bitterness

Topics

02:05 - 02:05

Kylie (Student 2)

"houses were bombed" - which houses?

External

02:09 - 02:09

Kylie (Student 2)

vehicle in background

Environment

02:10 - 02:10

Kylie (Student 2)

"if you're angry, good. I think you have a right to be angry."

Transcription

02:15 - 02:15

Kylie (Student 2)

"the question now is, not whether you're angry or if you like somebody, but whether you will take action take steps to change the kind of city and county where people can be held for things like this"

Transcription

02:17 - 02:17

Kylie (Student 2)

cough

Environment

02:18 - 02:18

Kylie (Student 2)

anger vs. action

Topics

02:21 - 02:21

Kylie (Student 2)

rustling

Environment

02:36 - 02:36

Kylie (Student 2)

syndicalism

Topics

02:46 - 02:46

Bethany (Student 1)

"They give it a nice sounding name-- they say 'syndicalism'" - the charge used to arrest the group of students

Transcription

02:48 - 02:53

Kylie (Student 2)

"syndicalism. some of us, you know, stumble over (when we gotta?) pronounce the word"

Transcription

02:53 - 03:05

Kylie (Student 2)

"[syndicalism] basically means that anyone who tries to work for justice in our society is doing something against the law - this is ironic, this is a mockery."

Transcription

02:56 - 02:56

Kylie (Student 2)

vehicles in background

Environment

03:01 - 03:01

Kylie (Student 2)

horn

Environment

03:05 - 03:05

Kylie (Student 2)

pages rustling

Environment

03:13 - 03:13

Kylie (Student 2)

scraping

Environment

03:13 - 03:13

Kylie (Student 2)

coming battle

Topics

03:21 - 03:31

Kylie (Student 2)

"as students, you're going to have to speak in your community and perhaps out of your community to tell people what's happening to tell people why they must try and change this."

Transcription

03:29 - 03:29

Kylie (Student 2)

action items for students (tell people, how)

Topics

03:31 - 03:43

Kylie (Student 2)

"those of you who are students are still at the same congregate (?) to have to be working very hard at your studies so that you're not losing ground there as we're trying to win it in another field."

Transcription

03:31 - 03:31

Kylie (Student 2)

recorder adjusted

Environment

03:33 - 03:33

Kylie (Student 2)

cough

Environment

03:43 - 03:49

Bethany (Student 1)

"You're going to have to be out canvasing, talking to people, doing something to bring about justice, unless you enjoyed being in jail" - this sounds threatening

Transcription

03:43 - 03:43

Kylie (Student 2)

exhale

Environment

03:49 - 04:00

Bethany (Student 1)

If you didn't enjoy it then you must do something to change it and that's simply turn your back and say "it can't happen again" cause it can happen again and it might happen tomorrow.

Transcription

03:49 - 04:03

Kylie (Student 2)

"unless you enjoyed being in jail. If you didn't enjoy it, then you must do something to change it and not imply turning your back and saying 'it can't happen again,' because it can happen again and it might happen tomorrow unless you're ready to do something."

Transcription

03:57 - 03:57

Kylie (Student 2)

tapping

Environment

04:00 - 04:02

Bethany (Student 1)

unless you're ready to do something

Transcription

04:04 - 04:15

Bethany (Student 1)

plus you, your friends and your parents are ready to band together as a united people seeking to bring about a full good free society and world in which to live

Transcription

04:04 - 04:04

Kylie (Student 2)

sudden increase in volume

Environment

04:07 - 04:07

Kylie (Student 2)

banding together - united people

Topics

04:18 - 04:18

Kylie (Student 2)

upcoming events

Topics

04:18 - 04:18

Kylie (Student 2)

tapping

Environment

04:19 - 04:19

Kylie (Student 2)

rally on sunday, freedom day on Monday - which events - in Magnolia?

External

04:24 - 04:24

Kylie (Student 2)

pages rustling

Environment

04:29 - 04:29

Kylie (Student 2)

working primarily with adults

Topics

04:30 - 04:30

Kylie (Student 2)

voting

Topics

04:33 - 04:42

Kylie (Student 2)

"you realize that if your parents, if you, were voters, this could not have happened to you."

Transcription

04:37 - 04:37

Kylie (Student 2)

recording device

Environment

04:41 - 04:41

Kylie (Student 2)

sigh

Environment

04:41 - 04:41

Kylie (Student 2)

pages rustling

Environment

04:42 - 04:42

Kylie (Student 2)

cough

Environment

04:43 - 04:43

Kylie (Student 2)

Sheriff Warren, Chief Guy, Mayor Burt

External

04:50 - 05:00

Kylie (Student 2)

"He's in power, he's in office, because you don't vote. He treats you the way he does because you or your parents don't vote."

Transcription

04:54 - 04:54

Kylie (Student 2)

sigh

Environment

04:59 - 04:59

Kylie (Student 2)

dog barking

Environment

05:05 - 05:05

Kylie (Student 2)

Goodbye to Guy - slogan?

External

05:05 - 05:05

Kylie (Student 2)

ducks?

Environment

05:11 - 05:11

Bethany (Student 1)

people walking in?

Environment

05:12 - 05:12

Kylie (Student 2)

rustling

Environment

05:14 - 05:14

Kylie (Student 2)

background music

Environment

05:15 - 05:15

Kylie (Student 2)

rally

Topics

05:19 - 05:19

Bethany (Student 1)

coughing

Environment

05:19 - 05:19

Kylie (Student 2)

Jesse?

External

05:19 - 05:19

Kylie (Student 2)

cough

Environment

05:21 - 05:21

Kylie (Student 2)

chair movement

Environment

05:22 - 05:22

Bethany (Student 1)

chairs moving, scraping on floor

Environment

05:23 - 05:23

Kylie (Student 2)

speaking

Environment

05:25 - 05:25

Kylie (Student 2)

laughter?

Environment

05:25 - 05:32

Kylie (Student 2)

"we want the people to see you, to know who you are, to know that you suffered something for them."

Transcription

05:28 - 05:28

Kylie (Student 2)

cough

Environment

05:32 - 05:36

Kylie (Student 2)

"you'll be called on many times - be ready and be available."

Transcription

05:32 - 05:32

Kylie (Student 2)

chair movement

Environment

05:33 - 05:33

Bethany (Student 1)

chairs moving, scraping on floor

Environment

05:35 - 05:35

Kylie (Student 2)

conversation

Environment

05:37 - 05:37

Bethany (Student 1)

people entering room?

Environment

05:43 - 05:43

Kylie (Student 2)

Beecher coughs

Environment

05:43 - 05:43

Kylie (Student 2)

Dunnis and Sepis?

External

05:50 - 05:50

Kylie (Student 2)

introduction about questions about jail

Topics

05:53 - 05:53

Bethany (Student 1)

more people entering the room?

Environment

05:54 - 05:54

Kylie (Student 2)

Dunnis speaking

External

05:56 - 05:56

Kylie (Student 2)

recorder

Environment

06:00 - 06:00

Bethany (Student 1)

"I was out in a day" - one of the white protestors arrested

Transcription

06:01 - 06:01

Kylie (Student 2)

Dunnis discusses his treatment vs. students

Topics

06:02 - 06:06

Kylie (Student 2)

"that was when I was in the cell downstairs but I was out in a day"

Transcription

06:09 - 07:33

Bethany (Student 1)

"I thought...what you must be thinking about and how it must make you feel to know that, you know, a white civil rights worker can be picked up and out of jail in a day when you have to stay in jail and stay in jail and say in jail. And, it's not fair, it's.. I don't know what to say about it, except that that's why we're down here, and we're not gonna leave, until such a time arrives that, you know, people aren't treated that way."

Transcription

06:17 - 06:17

Kylie (Student 2)

"how it must make you feel to know that a, you know, a white civil rights worker can be picked up and out of jail in a day, and you have to stay in jail and stay in jail and stay in jail" (mhmm heard in background)

Transcription

06:20 - 06:20

Kylie (Student 2)

horn

Environment

06:26 - 06:26

Kylie (Student 2)

"mhmm" in background

Environment

06:31 - 06:31

Kylie (Student 2)

rustling

Environment

06:36 - 06:36

Kylie (Student 2)

cough/sneeze

Environment

06:45 - 06:45

Kylie (Student 2)

AOS? LS?

External

06:56 - 06:56

Kylie (Student 2)

Attorney Reaves

External

07:04 - 07:13

Kylie (Student 2)

"I just want to apologize for the way that system works in that particular case and I know how you must feel and um that's really why y'know we're here."

Transcription

07:05 - 07:05

Kylie (Student 2)

apology

Topics

07:20 - 07:20

Kylie (Student 2)

cough/sneeze

Environment

07:22 - 07:22

Kylie (Student 2)

mention of getting an affidavit from LS about what Reaves said to him

External

07:33 - 07:33

Kylie (Student 2)

"all I want to say is welcome back" (laughter)

Transcription

07:33 - 07:33

Kylie (Student 2)

unknown male speaker - Jesse?

Speakers

07:37 - 07:37

Kylie (Student 2)

group laughter, exclamation

Environment

07:37 - 07:37

Kylie (Student 2)

welcome back from jail

Topics

07:37 - 07:37

Kylie (Student 2)

multiple speakers

Speakers

07:44 - 07:33

Bethany (Student 1)

woman in audience - "yes, lord"

Transcription

07:46 - 08:00

Kylie (Student 2)

"right now everybody's y'know ready to uh fall back to into the normal uh procedures in like y'know living sort of as we did before but I hope not completely as we did before."

Transcription

07:46 - 07:46

Kylie (Student 2)

unknown male speaker

Speakers

07:49 - 07:49

Kylie (Student 2)

rustling

Environment

08:01 - 08:01

Kylie (Student 2)

multiple speakers

Speakers

08:02 - 08:02

Kylie (Student 2)

cough

Environment

08:03 - 08:03

Kylie (Student 2)

horn

Environment

08:04 - 08:12

Kylie (Student 2)

"after you've had a chance to sleep on your own beds and uh eat at your own tabels among real friends."

Transcription

08:08 - 08:08

Kylie (Student 2)

multiple speakers

Speakers

08:09 - 08:09

Kylie (Student 2)

laughter/exclamation

Environment

08:11 - 08:11

Kylie (Student 2)

unknown male speaker - Jesse?

Speakers

08:16 - 08:16

Kylie (Student 2)

question about coming back every day

Topics

08:17 - 08:17

Kylie (Student 2)

unknown male speaker

Speakers

08:20 - 08:20

Kylie (Student 2)

pages rustling

Environment

08:26 - 08:26

Kylie (Student 2)

multiple voices

Speakers

08:27 - 08:31

Kylie (Student 2)

"I didn't understand exactly what he means about coming back"

Transcription

08:27 - 08:27

Kylie (Student 2)

coughing

Environment

08:30 - 08:30

Bethany (Student 1)

reference to the court case/date

External References

08:30 - 08:32

Kylie (Student 2)

"he said something about court on the 20th"

Transcription

08:40 - 08:59

Bethany (Student 1)

"That sounds huh absolutely stupid to me, but we will check with our lawyer, to make absolutely certain. We will, you know, find out, cause we don't want them to pulling you back in on a technicality. They would try and do something as asinine as that, but uh, we want to check that out"

Transcription

08:40 - 08:40

Bethany (Student 1)

inequality of court requirements

Topics

08:59 - 08:59

Bethany (Student 1)

papers rustling

Environment

09:04 - 09:04

Bethany (Student 1)

walking around, movement

Environment

09:10 - 09:10

Bethany (Student 1)

microphone noises

Environment

09:12 - 09:25

Bethany (Student 1)

"What were the conditions there, first in terms of the parents being able to get in and see the children? I know some were able, and some were not able to see their children."

Transcription

09:15 - 09:15

Bethany (Student 1)

conditions at prison

Topics

09:25 - 00:09

Bethany (Student 1)

Mrs. Thomas

Speakers

09:35 - 09:35

Bethany (Student 1)

Willie - one of the arrested students

External References

09:35 - 09:37

Bethany (Student 1)

"It was a week before they let me even see Willie"

Transcription

09:39 - 09:42

Bethany (Student 1)

"It's according to how they feel whether they let you see their parents or not"

Transcription

09:49 - 09:50

Bethany (Student 1)

"the white people could come in"

Transcription

09:50 - 09:51

Bethany (Student 1)

"They wouldn't even let my father give me not clothes or nothing"

Transcription

09:54 - 09:54

Bethany (Student 1)

Louise Banks

Speakers

09:55 - 09:56

Bethany (Student 1)

"They wouldn't even let me talk to nobody"

Transcription

10:07 - 10:07

Bethany (Student 1)

"Louise Banks -- they wouldn't even let me talk to nobody, the whole 30 days"

Transcription

10:07 - 10:13

Bethany (Student 1)

"Louise Banks. They wouldn't even let me talk to nobody. In the whole thirty days."

Transcription

10:11 - 10:11

Bethany (Student 1)

lack of communication

Topics

10:14 - 10:14

Bethany (Student 1)

"They let my uncle come one time and they told him to hurry up because they didn't have but a few seconds"

Transcription

10:15 - 10:23

Bethany (Student 1)

"They let my uncle come one time and told him to hurry up because they didn't have but a few seconds. And out of the thirty days they let me see nobody else"

Transcription

10:21 - 10:21

Bethany (Student 1)

isolation

Topics

10:55 - 10:55

Bethany (Student 1)

tape restarted?

Environment

10:58 - 10:58

Bethany (Student 1)

Christine Anderson

Speakers

11:09 - 11:09

Bethany (Student 1)

police stealing from those imprisoned

Topics

11:11 - 11:16

Bethany (Student 1)

"...some days they were mean to us. They cursed at us."

Transcription

11:48 - 11:48

Bethany (Student 1)

mic noises and footsteps - microphone switch between speakers?

Environment

11:53 - 11:53

Bethany (Student 1)

hygeine at prison

Topics

12:03 - 12:03

Bethany (Student 1)

door opens and closes

Environment

12:45 - 12:45

Bethany (Student 1)

police threatened students

Topics

12:47 - 12:47

Bethany (Student 1)

mic noises - sounds like breathing (or wind?)

Environment

12:54 - 12:59

Bethany (Student 1)

"they told us they were going to quit feeding us and quit letting our parents see us and quit letting them bring us anything"

Transcription

13:06 - 13:07

Bethany (Student 1)

"Wait, John. Wait. Let one talk" - Barbara Beecher (?)

Transcription

13:15 - 13:15

Bethany (Student 1)

police threatened isolation

Topics

14:06 - 14:13

Bethany (Student 1)

" I would like to ask you about what recreation privileges did you have?"

Transcription

14:11 - 14:11

Bethany (Student 1)

lack of recreation privileges in prison

Topics

14:13 - 14:15

Bethany (Student 1)

"None" and "None at all"

Transcription

14:15 - 14:16

Bethany (Student 1)

"Were you able to get out of the cell at all?"

Transcription

14:19 - 14:19

Bethany (Student 1)

"[unclear ] play cards"

Transcription

14:34 - 14:34

Bethany (Student 1)

"How about the food that they gave you there?"

Transcription

14:35 - 14:35

Bethany (Student 1)

inadequate food in prison

Topics

14:36 - 14:44

Bethany (Student 1)

unanimous response that food was awful: "terrible," "it's cold," "cold beans," "cold pork and beans out of the can"

Transcription

14:37 - 14:37

Bethany (Student 1)

laughter

Environment

14:45 - 14:46

Bethany (Student 1)

"potatoes mashed up with eggs"

Transcription

14:52 - 14:55

Bethany (Student 1)

"shhh" Barbara Beecher (?) shushes attendees (for better recording quality?)

Transcription

14:52 - 14:52

Bethany (Student 1)

Barbara Beecher (?)

Speakers

14:56 - 14:56

Bethany (Student 1)

tape paused and restarted?

Environment

14:57 - 14:57

Bethany (Student 1)

outdoor noises (birds?)

Environment

15:06 - 15:06

Bethany (Student 1)

slapping sounds

Environment

15:06 - 15:08

Bethany (Student 1)

"about two weeks ago, they stopped giving us coffee"

Transcription

15:11 - 15:12

Bethany (Student 1)

"What did you have for breakfast?"

Transcription

15:12 - 15:16

Bethany (Student 1)

"grits," "bread," "little old small pieces of bacon"

Transcription

15:12 - 15:12

Bethany (Student 1)

breakfast in prison

Topics

15:22 - 15:25

Bethany (Student 1)

"How about your singing? Have they discouraged your singing in the cells?"

Transcription

15:24 - 15:24

Bethany (Student 1)

singing discouraged

Topics

15:26 - 15:28

Bethany (Student 1)

"They cursed us, so many times, every night"

Transcription

15:35 - 15:35

Bethany (Student 1)

cat meowing? Or children playing? Or birds?

Environment

15:36 - 15:36

Bethany (Student 1)

children playing outside?

Environment

15:49 - 15:51

Bethany (Student 1)

Explicit language

Content Warning

15:49 - 15:51

Kylie (Student 2)

Explicit language

Content Warning

16:06 - 16:07

Bethany (Student 1)

Racial Slur

Content Warning

16:06 - 16:07

Kylie (Student 2)

Racial Slur

Content Warning

16:10 - 16:10

Bethany (Student 1)

three police officers/jailers - Bagwell, Bates, Owen

External References

16:29 - 16:31

Bethany (Student 1)

Explicit language

Content Warning

16:29 - 16:31

Kylie (Student 2)

Explicit language

Content Warning

16:38 - 16:40

Bethany (Student 1)

Explicit language

Content Warning

16:38 - 16:40

Kylie (Student 2)

Explicit language

Content Warning

Project By: Bethany Radcliff & Kylie Warkentin
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